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珠海经济特区人民调解条例

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-10 23:31:40  浏览:8822   来源:法律资料网
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珠海经济特区人民调解条例

广东省珠海市人大常委会


珠海经济特区人民调解条例

(2008年11月25日珠海市第七届人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过)


第一章 总 则



第一条 为规范和加强人民调解工作,维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐,根据有关法律、法规,结合珠海经济特区实际,制定本条例。

第二条 本条例适用于珠海经济特区内的人民调解工作。

第三条 本条例所称人民调解,是指人民调解委员会依据法律、法规、规章、政策和社会公德,通过说服教育、规劝疏导的方法,在当事人自愿、平等的基础上,解决民间纠纷的活动。

第四条 人民调解工作应当尊重当事人的诉讼权利,不得因未经调解或者调解不成而阻止当事人向人民法院起诉。

第五条 各级司法行政部门负责指导人民调解委员会的组织建设和制度建设,培训人民调解员,处理对人民调解委员会及人民调解员的投诉。

司法行政部门应当与有关行政机关、人民法院、人民检察院建立联系协调机制,召开联席会议,研究解决人民调解工作中的问题。

第六条 各级人民法院应当支持人民调解委员会工作,负责指导人民调解委员会的业务工作。

第七条 人民调解委员会调解民间纠纷不收费。

第八条 人民调解工作的培训、表彰、业务经费和镇、街道人民调解委员会专职人民调解员的聘用经费纳入各级人民政府财政预算。

第九条 各级人民政府对成绩显著或者贡献突出的人民调解组织和人民调解员予以表彰和奖励。



第二章 人民调解组织



第十条 村民委员会、居民委员会、镇人民政府、街道办事处应当设立人民调解委员会。

各人民调解委员会的设立及其组成人员,应当向所在地司法行政部门备案。

第十一条 人民调解委员会通过调解工作宣传法律、法规、规章和政策,教育公民遵纪守法、尊重社会公德,预防和化解民间纠纷,防止矛盾激化。

第十二条 镇、街道人民调解委员会根据需要,可以与行政机关、人民法院、人民检察院、企业、事业等单位以及行业性组织协商设立人民调解工作室。

设立人民调解工作室的单位应当对调解工作室的工作和场所予以支持。

第十三条 人民调解委员会由委员三至五人组成,设主任一人,必要时可以设副主任。主任、副主任在委员中推举产生。

人民调解委员会委员中应当有妇女委员。

第十四条 村民委员会、居民委员会的人民调解委员会委员除由村民委员会、居民委员会成员兼任的以外,由本村民委员会、居民委员会辖区的群众选举产生。

第十五条 镇、街道人民调解委员会委员由镇人民政府或者街道办事处指定、聘任。

第十六条 人民调解委员会委员任期三年,可以连选连任或者续聘。

第十七条 人民调解委员会根据需要,可以公开聘任调解员。

人民调解委员会委员、调解员统称人民调解员。人民调解员在人民调解委员会的组织和管理下,从事人民调解工作。

第十八条 人民调解员应当由品行端正、办事公道,热心人民调解工作,具有一定法律知识、政策水平和协调能力的成年公民担任。

第十九条 镇、街道人民调解委员会应当设立专职人民调解员。

专职人民调解员负责民间纠纷的受理、调解、回访、归档以及统计上报等日常工作。

第二十条 人民调解员不能履行职责的,应当由原选举或者聘任的组织撤换。

第二十一条 人民调解员在调解工作中不得有下列行为:

(一)推诿、拖延民间纠纷调解;

(二)徇私舞弊;

(三)吃请受礼;

(四)泄露当事人的隐私和商业秘密;

(五)法律、法规禁止的其他行为。

第二十二条 人民调解员在人民调解工作中违反法律、法规和工作纪律的,视情节轻重,由司法行政部门进行批评、教育、依法处理,并可以由原选举或者聘任的组织罢免或者解聘。

第二十三条 司法行政部门和有关部门依法保护人民调解员调解民间纠纷不受非法干涉、打击报复。



第三章 民间纠纷的受理和调解



第二十四条 人民调解委员会受理公民、法人、其他社会组织之间涉及民事权利义务争议的各类民间纠纷,但法律、法规规定只能由专门机关管辖受理或者禁止采用民间调解方式调解的纠纷除外。

第二十五条 民间纠纷由当事人所在地(所在单位)或者纠纷发生地的人民调解委员会受理调解,但当事人共同选择其他人民调解委员会调解的除外。

人民调解委员会根据当事人的申请,受理调解纠纷。当事人没有申请或者只有一方当事人申请的,人民调解委员会可以主动调解,但当事人表示异议的除外。

第二十六条 在人民调解活动中,当事人享有下列权利:

(一)委托代理人参加调解;

(二)自主决定是否接受或者终止调解;

(三)要求人民调解员回避;

(四)表达真实意愿,提出合理要求;

(五)自愿达成调解协议。

第二十七条 在人民调解活动中,当事人承担下列义务:

(一)如实陈述纠纷事实,不得提供虚假情况和虚假证明材料;

(二)遵守调解规则;

(三)不得加剧纠纷、激化矛盾;

(四)自觉履行调解协议。

第二十八条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,可以根据需要或者当事人的共同选择指定一名或者多名人民调解员参加调解。

当事人对人民调解员提出回避要求,人民调解委员会应当另行指派人民调解员进行调解,也可以由当事人共同选定的人民调解员进行调解。

第二十九条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,应当分别向当事人询问纠纷的事实和情节,了解当事人的要求及其理由,必要时向有关单位和个人调查核实,有关单位和个人应当予以配合。

第三十条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,根据需要并经当事人同意,可以邀请司法机关、行政机关、企业、事业等单位、行业性组织或者个人参加调解。

相关人民调解委员会应当配合做好跨地区、跨单位纠纷的调解工作。

第三十一条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,一般公开进行。但涉及当事人的隐私、商业秘密或者当事人要求不公开的除外。

第三十二条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,应当查明事实、分清责任,根据不同的情况和特点,决定采取简易方式或者普通方式进行调解。

第三十三条 对事实清楚、权利义务关系明确、争议不大的纠纷,可以采取简易方式调解,由一名人民调解员主持,及时就地进行调解。

第三十四条 对事实较复杂、争议较大或者跨区域、跨部门的纠纷,应当采取普通方式调解,由两名以上的人民调解员按照下列程序进行:

(一)核对当事人和代理人身份,告知权利义务和注意事项;

(二)当事人陈述纠纷的起因、经过、请求及其理由;

(三)询问当事人和证人,并出示和核对有关证据;

(四)对当事人进行规劝疏导;

(五)协商和解方案;

(六)敦促当事人达成人民调解协议;

(七)宣布调解结果。

第三十五条 人民调解委员会调解纠纷,一般在一个月内调结,但当事人愿意继续调解的除外。

第三十六条 达成调解协议的,人民调解委员会应当向当事人宣布调解协议,并制作人民调解协议书;对调解不成或者其他原因无法继续调解的,应当终止调解并告知当事人。



第四章 人民调解与行政调解、司法调解



第三十七条 人民调解委员会、行政机关、人民法院、人民检察院应当按照属地管辖原则,对提请调解和处理纠纷的当事人一律予以接待,根据不同情况依法对纠纷予以受理或者移交有关机关。

第三十八条 人民调解委员会发现调解的民间纠纷属于本条例第二十四条规定的不得受理的情形的,应当移交行政机关、司法机关处理,并将此情况告知当事人。

第三十九条 对提请行政机关调解和处理的民间纠纷,可以移交人民调解委员会进行调解。

行政机关自行调解的案件,经当事人同意的,可以委托人民调解委员会进行调解,也可以邀请人民调解委员会协助调解。

第四十条 人民法院对于常见性、多发性的简单民事纠纷,在当事人起诉时或者立案前,可以建议当事人通过人民调解方式解决。

第四十一条 人民法院对于进入诉讼程序的民事案件,经当事人同意的,可以邀请人民调解委员会协助调解,也可以委托人民调解委员会进行调解。

第四十二条 人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关对于符合刑事和解条件的案件,可以委托人民调解委员会对其中的损害赔偿进行调解。

第四十三条 接受委托的人民调解委员会应当将调解结果报告给委托调解的行政机关、人民法院、人民检察院。



第五章 人民调解协议及其履行



第四十四条 人民调解协议应当包括下列内容:

(一)当事人的基本情况;

(二)纠纷的类别;

(三)纠纷的事实和调解的依据;

(四)达成协议的事项。

调解协议由当事人和人民调解员签名,加盖人民调解组织的印章。

第四十五条 具有民事权利义务内容,并由当事人签字或者盖章的人民调解协议,具有民事合同性质。当事人应当按照约定履行义务,不得擅自变更或者解除调解协议。

第四十六条 当事人不履行调解协议的,人民调解委员会应当敦促其履行,经敦促仍不履行的,应当告知当事人可以向人民法院起诉。

第四十七条 当事人提出调解协议违法或者显失公平的,人民调解委员会应当征得各方当事人同意后重新调解,变更或者撤销原协议,达成新的协议;当事人不同意重新调解的,应当告知其可以向人民法院起诉。

第四十八条 经人民调解委员会调解达成的以给付为内容的调解协议,当事人可以在调解协议中约定,向公证机关申请办理公证。

第四十九条 对于具有金钱、有价证券给付内容的人民调解协议,当事人可以依法向人民法院申请支付令。



第六章 附 则



第五十条 本条例关于人民调解委员会调解纠纷的程序适用于人民调解工作室。

第五十一条 本市经济特区以外的其他区域参照本条例执行。

第五十二条 本条例自2009年2月1日起施行。









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中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国海上国际集装箱运输管理规定(附英文)

1990年12月5日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强海上国际集装箱运输管理,明确有关各方责任,适应国家对外贸易的需要,制定本规定。
第二条 本规定适用于在中华人民共和国境内设立的海上国际集装箱运输企业及与海上国际集装箱运输有关的单位和个人。
第三条 中华人民共和国交通部主管全国海上国际集装箱运输事业。
第四条 海上国际集装箱运输必须贯彻安全、准确、迅速、经济和文明服务的方针,积极发展门到门运输。

第二章 海上国际集装箱运输企业的开业审批
第五条 海上国际集装箱运输企业是指从事海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业、港口装卸企业及其承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站。
第六条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的航运企业,应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审核,报交通部审批。
第七条 设立港口国际集装箱装卸企业应当经省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批,报交通部备案。
本办法发布后新设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站,应当经设立该企业的主管部门审核同意后,由省、自治区、直辖市交通主管部门审批,报交通部备案。
对外经济贸易系统新设立的承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站的审批办法,由交通部会同对外经济贸易部另行制定。
第八条 设立中外合资经营、中外合作经营的海上国际集装箱运输企业,须经交通部审核同意后,按照有关法律、法规的规定,由对外经济贸易部审批。
第九条 设立经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业,应当具备以下条件:
(一)有与其经营范围和服务对象相适应的运输船舶、车辆、设备及其他有关设施;
(二)有相应的组织机构、办公场所、专业管理人员;
(三)有与所经营的集装箱运输业务相适应的注册资本和自有流动资金;
(四)国家法律、法规规定的设立企业的其他条件。
第十条 交通主管部门应当根据申请经营海上国际集装箱运输企业的资金来源、设备情况、管理水平、货源情况,审核批准其业务经营范围。
第十一条 交通主管部门应当将批准文件发给获准经营海上国际集装箱运输的企业。取得批准文件的单位,凭该文件向工商行政管理部门申请登记注册,经核准发给营业执照后,方可开业。
设立承运海上国际集装箱的内陆中转站、货运站,还应当向海关办理登记手续。

第三章 货运管理
第十二条 用于海上国际集装箱运输的集装箱,应当符合国际集装箱标准化组织规定的技术标准和有关国际集装箱公约的规定。
集装箱所有人、经营人应当做好集装箱的管理和维修工作,定期进行检验,以保证提供适宜于货物运输的集装箱。
违反本条第二款规定,造成货物损坏或短缺的,由责任人按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十三条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当保证运载集装箱的船舶、车辆、装卸机械及工具处于良好的技术状况,确保集装箱的运输及安全。
承运人及港口装卸企业违反本条第一款规定,造成货物损坏或短缺的,应当按照有关规定承担赔偿责任。
第十四条 承运人及港口装卸企业应当使用集装箱运输单证。
第十五条 承运人可以直接组织承揽集装箱货物,托运人可以直接向承运人或委托货运代理人洽办进出口集装箱货物的托运业务。
第十六条 托运人应当如实申报货物的品名、性质、数量、重量、规格。托运的集装箱货物,必须符合集装箱运输的要求,其标志应当明显、清楚。
第十七条 托运人或承运人在货物装箱前应当认真检查箱体,不得使用影响货物运输、装卸安全的集装箱。
第十八条 装运粮油食品、冷冻品等易腐食品的集装箱,须经商检机构检验合格后方可使用。
第十九条 集装箱货物运达目的地后,承运人应当及时向收货人发出提货通知,收货人应当在收到通知后,凭提单提货。
收货人超过规定期限不提货或不按期限归还集装箱的,应当按照有关规定或合同约定支付货物、集装箱堆存费及支付集装箱超期使用费。
第二十条 海上国际集装箱的运费和其他费用,应当根据国家有关运输价格和费率的规定计收;国家没有规定的,按照双方商定的价格计收。任何单位不得乱收费用。
第二十一条 承运人及港口装卸企业,应当定期向交通主管部门报送运输统计报表。
第二十二条 与海上国际集装箱运输相关的各方应当及时相互提供集装箱运输信息。

第四章 交接和责任
第二十三条 承运人与托运人或收货人应当根据提单确定的交接方式,在码头堆场、货运站或双方商定的其他地点办理集装箱、集装箱货物交接。
第二十四条 参加海上国际集装箱运输的承运人、港口装卸企业应当按照下列规定办理集装箱交接:
(一)海上承运人通过理货机构与港口装卸企业在船边交接;
(二)经水路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业与水路承运人在船边交接;
(三)经公路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业与公路承运人在集装箱码头大门交接;
(四)经铁路集疏运的集装箱,港口装卸企业或公路承运人与铁路承运人在装卸场交接。
第二十五条 集装箱交接时,交接双方应当检查箱号、箱体和封志。重箱凭封志和箱体状况交接;空箱凭箱体状况交接。
交接双方检查箱号、箱体和封志后,应当作出记录,并共同签字确认。
第二十六条 承运人、港口装卸企业对集装箱、集装箱货物的损坏或短缺的责任,交接前由交方承担,交接后由接方承担。但如果在交接后一百八十天内,接方能提出证据证明集装箱的损坏或集装箱货物的损坏或短缺是由交方原因造成,交方应当承担赔偿责任。法律另有规定的除外。
第二十七条 除法律另有规定外,承运人与托运人应当根据下列规定,对集装箱货物的损坏或短缺负责:
(一)由承运人负责装箱的货物,从承运人收到货物后至运达目的地交付收货人之前的期间内,箱内货物损坏或短缺,由承运人负责。
(二)由托运人负责装箱的货物,从装箱托运后至交付收货人之前的期间内,如箱体和封志完好,货物损坏或短缺,由托运人负责;如箱体损坏或封志破坏,箱内货物损坏或短缺,由承运人负责。
承运人与托运人或收货人之间要求赔偿的时效,从集装箱货物交付之日起算不超过一百八十天,但法律另有规定的除外。
第二十八条 由于托运人对集装箱货物申报不实造成人员伤亡,运输工具、货物自身及其他货物、集装箱损失的,由托运人负责。
第二十九条 由于装箱人的过失,造成人员伤亡,运输工具、其他货物、集装箱损失的,由装箱人负责。
第三十条 集装箱货物发生损坏或短缺,对外索赔时需要商检部门鉴定出证的,应当依照《中华人民共和国进出口商品检验法》办理。
集装箱、集装箱货物发生短缺,对外索赔时需要理货机构出证的,应当依照有关规定办理。

第五章 罚 则
第三十一条 无运输营业执照从事集装箱运输业务的,由交通主管部门责令其停止营业,由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十二条 违反本规定及国家有关物价法规收取运输费用的,由物价管理部门给予处罚。
第三十三条 违反运输单证管理规定的,由交通主管部门视情节轻重给予警告或罚款。
第三十四条 扰乱运输秩序或随意扩大业务经营范围的,由交通主管部门责令其整顿,并由工商行政管理部门给予处罚。
第三十五条 当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在收到处罚通知的次日起十五日内,向处罚机关的上一级机关申请复议。接到复议申请的机关应当在三十日内作出复议决定。当事人对复议决定仍不服的,可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申请复议、不起诉,又不履行处罚决定或复议决定的,作出处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。

第六章 附 则
第三十六条 本规定由交通部负责解释。
交通部可以根据本规定制定实施细则。
第三十七条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATIONOF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
PROVISIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF MARITIME INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TRANSPORT
(Promulgated by Decree No. 68 of the State Council of the People's
Republic of China on December 5, 1990, and effective as of the date of
promulgation)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Provisions are formulated in order to strengthen the administration
of maritime international container transport, to clearly define the
responsibilities of the various parties concerned, and to meet the State's
needs in handling foreign trade.
Article 2
These Provisions shall apply to those enterprises that are established
within the territory of the People's Republic of China for the handling of
maritime international container transport, and also to units and
individuals that are involved in the operations of maritime international
container transport.
Article 3
The Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China shall be
responsible for the administration of the operations of maritime
international container transport throughout the country.
Article 4
In conducting maritime international container transport, the principles
of safety, accuracy, speed, economy, and civilized services must be
followed and door-to-door transportation shall be actively developed.

Chapter II Procedures for the Examination and Approval of Applica- tions for the Establishment of Enterprises That Handle Maritime Inter- national Container Transport
Article 5
"Enterprises for the operations of maritime international container
transport" refers to those shipping enterprises that are engaged in
maritime international container transport, and also to those enterprises
that are engaged in port handling, with their inland transshipment
stations and freight stations that undertake maritime international
container transport.
Article 6
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
the operations of maritime international container transport shall be
submitted to the competent departments for communications of the
provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the
Central Government for examination and verification, and then to the
Ministry of Communications for examination and approval.
Article 7
The applications for the establishment of enterprises that are engaged in
port handling of international containers shall be submitted to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval, and then to the Ministry of Communications for
the record.
After the promulgation of these Provisions, the applications for the
establishment of new inland transshipment stations and freight stations
that undertake the transport of maritime international containers shall be
submitted first to the competent department that has established the said
enterprise for examination, verification, and consent; and then to the
competent departments for communications of the provinces, autonomous
regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for
examination and approval; and finally to the Ministry of Communications
for the record. The procedures for the examination and approval of the
applications for the establishment of new transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of
Communications in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Economic
Relations and Trade.
Article 8
The applications for the establishment of Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures and Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures that handle
maritime international container transport shall be submitted to the
Ministry of Communications for examination, verification, and consent; and
shall then, in accordance with the provisions of the pertinent laws and
regulations, be submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations
and Trade for examination and approval.
Article 9
The establishment of enterprises that are engaged in the operations of
maritime international container transport must satisfy the following
conditions:
(1) to have transport vessels, transport motor vehicles, transport
equipment and other relevant facilities that correspond to their scope of
business and to the needs of their customers;
(2) to have the necessary organizational structure, site for setting up
their business office, and specialized administrative personnel;
(3) to have the registered capital and their own working capital that
meets the requirements of their business operations;
(4) to meet other conditions as stipulated by State laws, decrees and
regulations governing the establishment of enterprises.
Article 10
The competent department for communications shall examine, verify and
approve the scope of business operations of the enterprises that have
applied for the permission to handle maritime international container
transport in light of their sources of funds, the conditions of equipment
and facilities, the standard of administration, and the sources of
cargoes.
Article 11
The competent department of communications shall issue the approving
documents to those enterprises, which have obtained the approval to handle
maritime international container transport. The units that have received
the approving documents shall apply and go through the registration
procedures by presenting the aforesaid approving documents to the
administrative department for industry and commerce, which shall issue the
business licences after checking and approving the enterprises'
application: and only then shall the enterprises be permitted to start
business operations.
Cases concerning the establishment of inland transshipment stations and
freight stations that undertake the transport of maritime international
containers shall also be submitted to the Customs for the completion of
the registration procedures.

Chapter III Management of Freight Transportation
Article 12
The containers used in maritime international container transport shall
conform to the provisions and technical standards of the international
organization for the standardization of containers, and also to the
provisions of the pertinent international containers convention.
The owners and operators of containers shall do a good job in the
management and maintenance of containers and carry out regular
inspections, in order to guarantee the provision of containers that are
suitable for the transportation of cargoes. In case that the provisions
in the second paragraph of this Article have been violated, and, as a
result, goods are damaged or short in number or quantity, the person(s)
who is (are) held responsible for this shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 13
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall
guarantee that the vessels, motor vehicles, handling machinery and tools
are kept in a good technical condition, thereby ensuring the
transportation and safety of containers. In case that shippers and
enterprises that are engaged in port handling have violated the provisions
in the first paragraph of this Article, and, as a result, goods are
damaged or short in number or quantity, they shall bear the liability for
compensation in accordance with the pertinent provisions.
Article 14
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling shall use the
container shipping documents.
Article 15
Shippers may directly organize the contracting of the transportation of
container goods, and consignors may directly hold business talks with
shippers or commission shipping agents for the consignment of import and
export container goods.
Article 16
Consignors shall submit an accurate report on the names of goods, and
their property, quantity, weight, and specifications. The goods shipped by
consignment in containers must conform to the requirements of container
transport, and marks on the goods should be obvious and clear.
Article 17
Consignors or shippers shall, before vanning, carry out a careful
inspection of containers, and containers that might cause an adverse
effect on to the transportation and vanning of goods may not be used.
Article 18
Containers which are used for shipping such perishables as grains, edible
oils, and frozen food, shall be inspected by the department for commodity
inspection and found to be up to the standard before they are used for
shipping.
Article 19
As soon as container goods have reached their destination, the shipper
shall promptly send a cargo delivery notice to the consignee; and the
consignee shall, upon receiving the notice, take delivery of goods on the
strength of the bill of lading. In case that the consignee fails to clear
the goods when the prescribed time limit is overdue, or that the consignee
fails to return the containers according to the prescribed time limit, the
said consignee shall be required to pay, in accordance with the pertinent
stipulations or with the agreement set forth in the contract, the
demurrage charge for the extended use of containers.
Article 20
The freight charges for maritime international container transport and
other expenses shall be calculated and collected in accordance with the
State provisions concerning shipping charges and charge rates. In the
absence of State provisions, the freight charges shall be calculated and
collected in accordance with the prices agreed upon by both parties. No
units shall be permitted to collect charges at random.
Article 21
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, shall submit
periodical statistical statements on transportation to the competent
department for communications.
Article 22
Various parties that are involved in maritime international container
transport shall, in good time, provide each other with information
concerning container transport.

Chapter IV Hand-Over Procedures and Responsibilities
Article 23
Shippers and consignors or consignees shall, in accordance with the hand-
over method stipulated in the bill of lading, handle the hand-over
operations of containers and container goods at marshalling yards, freight
stations, or other places agreed upon by the two parties concerned.
Article 24
Shippers and enterprises that are engaged in port handling, which take
part in maritime international container transport, shall handle the hand-
over operations in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) maritime shippers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside
vessel through the tally companies and enterprises that are engaged in
port handling;
(2) with respect to containers transported by waterways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and waterway
carriers shall handle the hand-over operations alongside vessel;
(3) with respect to containers transported by highways through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling and highway carriers
shall handle the hand-over operations at the gate of the container
terminal;
(4) with respect to containers transported by railway through nodal
points, the enterprises that engaged in port handling or highway carriers
and railway carriers shall handle the hand-over operations at the site of
handling.
Article 25
While handling the hand-over operations of containers, the two handling
parties shall check the container numbers, the bodies of containers and
the containers' marking seals. The loaded containers shall be handed over
by their marking seals and by the condition of container body: and the
empty containers shall be handed over by condition of container body.
After checking the container numbers, the bodies of containers and the
marking seals, the two handling parties shall make a record and confirm it
by appending their signatures to the record.
Article 26
With respect to the liabilities of shippers and enterprises that are
engaged in port handling for the damage and loss of containers and
container goods, before the hand-over operations, the liabilities shall be
taken up by the handing-over party; after the hand-over operations, the
liabilities shall be taken up by the receiving party. However, if, within
180 days immediately after the hand-over operations, the receiving party
is able to produce evidence to testify to the fact that the damage of the
containers, or the damage and loss of container goods, were caused by the
handing-over party, then the handing-over party shall take up the
liabilities for compensation, unless otherwise provided by law.
Article 27
Unless otherwise provided by law, shippers and consignors shall, in
accordance with the following provisions, take up the liabilities for the
damage or loss of container goods:
(1) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
shippers, if the goods in the containers are damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the day the shippers
receive the goods to the day when the goods reach their destination but
before they are handed over to the consignees, the shippers shall take up
the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
(2) With respect to those goods, the vanning of which is done by the
consignors, if the container bodies and the marking seals have remained
intact but the goods (in the containers) have been damaged or are short in
number or quantity during the period of time from the completion of the
vanning and the completion of the procedures for consignment to the day
before the containers are handed over to the consignees, the consignors
shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage; if the container
bodies are damaged or the marking seals broken, and the goods in the
containers are also damaged or are short in number or quantity, the
shippers shall take up the liabilities for the damage or shortage.
The time limits for shippers and consignors or consignees to raise claims
for compensation shall be limited to no more than 180 days, beginning from
the day when container goods are handed over, unless otherwise provided by
law.
Article 28
In case that the consignors' inaccurate or false declaration on container
goods has resulted in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of
means of transport of the goods proper and the containers, or of other
goods, the consignors shall bear the liabilities for the consequences
arising therefrom.
Article 29
In case that the fault of the person in charge of the vanning has resulted
in injuries and death of personnel, or in the loss of means of transport,
of other goods, or containers, the aforesaid person shall bear the
liabilities for the consequences arising therefrom.
Article 30
In case that the damage or shortage in number or quantity of container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates an appraisal and the issue of the relevant certificate by the
administrative department for commodity inspection, the case shall be
handled in accordance with the provisions in the Law of the People's
Republic of China on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities. In
case that the shortage in number or quantity of containers or container
goods involves a claim for compensation from a foreign unit, which
necessitates the issue of the relevant certificate by the tally
department, the case shall be handled in accordance with the pertinent
provisions.

Chapter V Provisions on Penalties
Article 31
With respect to those who are engaged in container transport business
without a business licence for handling transport business, the competent
department for communications shall order them to cease business
operations, and penalties shall be imposed on them by the administrative
department for industry and commerce.
Article 32
With respect to those who have received shipping charges in violation of
these Provisions and the relevant laws and regulations of the State on
commodity prices, they shall be penalized by the department for the
control of commodity prices.
Article 33
With respect to those who have violated the administration of transport
documents, they shall be given an administrative warning or a pecuniary
penalty by the competent department for communications in light of the
seriousness of the cases.
Article 34
With respect to those who have disturbed the normal order of
transportation or have expanded their scope of business without
authorization, they shall be ordered by the competent department for
communications to carry out rectification of their business, and shall be
penalized by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Article 35
In the event that the person concerned does not accept the decision on
penalties, he/she may, within 15 days as of the first day after the
receipt of the notice of the decision on penalties, appeal to the
competent department immediately above the punishing department for
reconsideration of the aforesaid decision on penalties. The competent
department that has received the appeal for reconsideration shall, within
30 days (after receiving the appeal), make the decision on
reconsideration. If the person concerned still does not accept the
decision of the reconsideration, he/she may, within 15 days immediately
after receiving the decision on reconsideration, bring a suit before a
people's court. If the person concerned neither appeal for
reconsideration, nor bring a suit before the people's court, nor execute
the decision on penalties or the decision of the reconsideration within
the prescribed period of time, the department that has made the decision
on penalties may apply to the people's court for enforcement.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 36
The right to interpret these Provisions resides in the Ministry of
Communications. The Ministry of Communications may formulate the rules for
implementation in accordance with these Provisions.
Article 37
These Provisions shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.


检察建议书与检察意见书之比较
——兼谈规范两种法律文书的制发程序及质量要求

阚乃忠


检察建议书与检察意见书,是检察机关履职中经常使用的两种非诉讼法律文书。规范两种文书的制发程序,提高两种文书的制作质量,最大限度地发挥两种文书的作用,是检察机关保证执法规范化和体现法律效果、政治效果、社会效果有机统一的重要方面。目前,在检察工作实践中,对检察建议和检察意见的性质和作用的认识还不够清晰,在适用对象及范围的把握上也不够准确,存在两种文书混用误用问题。检察建议书与检察意见书的混用误用,既不严肃又不规范,同时也影响和制约检察文书法律效能的发挥,应引起我们的高度重视。为此,笔者就对两种文书的现性质作用、制发依据、适用范围、内容格式作以比较,并就规范两种法律文书的制发程序及质量要求谈点粗浅的看法。
一、检察建议与检察意见两种法律文书的区别
1、两种法律文书的性质作用不同。检察建议书是针对社会治安和综合管理问题,向有关单位提出建议所制作和使用的检察工作文书。就其性质来说,它是检察机关参加社会治安综合治理的手段和形式之一,是检察机关在行使各项检察职能的过程中,与人民群众密切配合,预防和减少犯罪,维护社会治安的重要形式;而检察意见书则是检察机关在办案中认为应对被不起诉人给予行政处罚、行政处分或者没收其违法所得,而向有关主管部门提出检察意见所制作和使用的检察法律文书,它是检察机关使被不起诉人受到行政制裁,吸取教训的重要方式。
2、两种法律文书的制作依据不同。建议书和检察意见书的制作和使用,有着各自的法律依据和内部规定。建议书制作和使用的主要法律依据是《中华人民共和国人民检察院组织法》第四条和修改后的刑事诉讼法第二条等原则性规定和精神,以及上海市人民检察院《检察实务手册》各业务条线关于制作和使用的内部规定。意见书制作和使用的主要法律依据是修改后的刑事诉讼法第一百四十二条第三款的规定,人民检察院实施《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼规则》(试行)第二百九十一条第二款的规定。
3、两种法律文书的适用范围不同。根据有关规定,建议书主要适用于规定等的九个方面:意见书主要适用于对被不起诉人须由主管部门给予行政处罚、行政处分或者没收其违法所得的,以及民事检察工作中对有错误但尚不需要提请抗诉的案件等两个方面
4、两种法律文书的格式和内容不同。建议书的格式和内容是按照最高人民检察院制定的《人民检察院刑事诉讼法律文书格式》第107样式的规定来制作的;意见书的格式和内容则是按照《人民检察院刑事诉讼法律文书格式》第84样式的规定来制作的。
二、规范检察建议与检察意见制发程序及质量要求的思考
1、两种法律文书提出形式及制作内容。检察建议的提出一般有口头和书面两种形式,检察意见的提出一般是书面形式。鉴于检察建议、检察意见提出的目的和功效,我认为对检察建议、检察意见的提出,必须明确规定统一规范的使用书面形式,以期引起接受方的足够重视。高检院虽然对检察建议书和检察意见书的制作格式有了统一的规定,但对两种文书具体的内容没有细化。因此,应将检察建议书和检察意见书具备的内容要素作为格式要求明确下来。比如制作检察建议书,应将通过办理什么案件查证了被建议单位存在管理上的什么问题,经研究对此作出哪几项既有针对性又有操作性的具体检察建议,提请受建议单位及时反馈落实检察建议信息等内容作为文书内容的要素,作出明确统一的规定。
2、完善两种法律文书的审批和备案制度。检察建议书或检察意见书,必须先由办案人员结合案件情况和实际需要,依照格式要求和内容要素规范制作,由部门负责人或主诉、主办检察官审核后,报分管检察长审批签发。必要时可经检察委员会讨论决定。主诉、主办检察官不应拥有检察建议书或检察意见书的审批签发权。检察建议书或检察意见书除送达受建议或受意见的有关单位外,应同时将副本抄报上级检察机关备案。必要时还可以抄送受建议或受意见单位的上级主管机关,以便上级督促落实整改。同时要建立和执行登记制度,以保证检察建议或检察意见的质量及严肃性。
3、加强两种法律文书的督促落实。检察建议书或检察意见书发出后,承办人应当及时了解和掌握检察建议或检察意见的采纳落实情况。对检察建议或检察意见置之不理且超过一定时间不落实或拒不接受检察建议或检察意见的,应向其上级主管部门或主管机关反映。如果接受单位对检察建议或检察意见中的事实、建议、意见提出异议时,发出检察建议或检察意见的检察机关,应对有关问题重新核实。如果检察长发现本院或上级检察机关发现下级检察机关提出的检察建议或检察意见不当时,应责令撤消,并及时通知有关单位。




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